Installation
Check Prerequisites
Docker对操作系统的版本有一定要求。目前,已经支持大多数Linux发行版本,macOS以及Windows,甚至支持一些公有云平台,例如:AWS,Azure等。 具体支持的平台,以及相应的要求,参考官网Install Docker Engine。
Install from Docker’s Repositories
CentOS官方提供docker RPM安装包,不过这个安装包是经过定制化的。与Docker官方提供的RPM包有些差异:
- CentOS提供的RPM包的名字是
docker
,而Docker官方提供的RPM包的名字是docker-engine
- 提供docker-storage-setup,能够自动为Docker创建direct LVM的Device mapper
因此,已经在CentOS上安装了旧的Docker,需要先将旧的Docker卸载:yum -y remove docker docker-selinux
,然后才能安装Docker官方提供的最新RPM包。
Install from Docker Binaries
从官方Release Notes下载平台对应的二进制文件压缩包,格式为tar.gz
或者zip
。将压缩包解压,并将解压后的二进制文件复制到/usr/bin/目录下。然后就可以后台启动Docker Daemon: sudo dockerd &
。
一般情况下,不建议通过二进制文件安装。因为,这种方式安装的Docker不会被systemd管理,不方便Docker运行的管理和Debug。但是,这种方式非常适合Docker升级,不用卸载老的Docker,只需替换二进制文件,还是可以按以前的方式执行Docker。
Configuration
由于一直使用的操作系统是CentOS 7.1,因此下面介绍的Docker Configuration都是基于该平台的。Docker同时支持Command Options
和--config-file
两种配置Docker Daemon的方式。之前在Docker v1.10.3中,使用Command Options
的方式,后来升级到Docker v1.13.0之后,开始使用--config-file
的方式。选择使用--config-file
的主要原因:
- JSON格式的配置文件,简单、清晰和集中;不像
Command Options
配置分散在多个文件和变量中 - docker.service更加简单,不用
EnvironmentFile
导入环境变量,ExecStart
后面也不用跟各种参数 - 支持通过systemd动态加载配置,不用重启Docker(Docker v1.12.0开始引入)
- 这也是Docker官方建议的配置方式。
Command Options
和--config-file
两种配置方式可以一起使用,不过需要注意的是,它们之间不能有冲突。这两种配置中不能存在相同的option,无论它们的值是否相同,否则Docker Daemon将无法启动。
Useful Options
Description | Default | |
---|---|---|
config-file | Daemon配置文件 | /etc/docker/daemon.json |
disable-legacy-registry | 禁用Docker Registry V1 | |
max-concurrent-downloads | pull镜像的最大并行数 | 3 |
max-concurrent-uploads | push镜像的最大并行数 | 5 |
insecure-registries | 无需TLS检查的Registry | |
live-restore | Daemon down时container继续run | |
debug | 开启Debug模式 | |
log-level | log级别 | info |
log-opt | log driver的选项 | |
storage-driver | storage driver | |
storage-opts | storage driver选项 |
Configuration for Docker v1.10.3
service文件中需要指定配置文件来导入环境变量,而且环境变量需要加到ExecStart
才能生效。
$ cat /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service
[Unit]
Description=Docker Application Container Engine
Documentation=http://docs.docker.com
After=network.target
Wants=docker-storage-setup.service
[Service]
LimitMEMLOCK=1288490188800
LimitSTACK=infinity
LimitNPROC=infinity
LimitNOFILE=1310720
LimitCORE=infinity
Type=notify
EnvironmentFile=-/etc/sysconfig/docker
EnvironmentFile=-/etc/sysconfig/docker-storage
EnvironmentFile=-/etc/sysconfig/docker-network
Environment=GOTRACEBACK=crash
ExecStart=/usr/bin/docker daemon $OPTIONS \
$DOCKER_CERT \
$DEFAULT_ULIMIT \
$DOCKER_STORAGE_OPTIONS \
$DOCKER_NETWORK_OPTIONS \
$ADD_REGISTRY \
$BLOCK_REGISTRY \
$INSECURE_REGISTRY
MountFlags=slave
TimeoutStartSec=1min
Restart=on-failure
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
多个配置文件
/etc/sysconfig/docker
$ cat /etc/sysconfig/docker
# /etc/sysconfig/docker
# Modify these options if you want to change the way the docker daemon runs
OPTIONS='--disable-legacy-registry --log-opt max-size=2m --log-opt max-file=5 --log-level=warn'
DEFAULT_ULIMIT='--default-ulimit nofile=131072 --default-ulimit memlock=131941395333120 --default-ulimit core=-1 --default-ulimit nproc=-1 --default-ulimit stack=-1'
INSECURE_REGISTRY='--insecure-registry https://registry.access.redhat.com'
DOCKER_CERT_PATH=/etc/docker
# If you want to add your own registry to be used for docker search and docker
# pull use the ADD_REGISTRY option to list a set of registries, each prepended
# with --add-registry flag. The first registry added will be the first registry
# searched.
#ADD_REGISTRY='--add-registry registry.access.redhat.com'
# If you want to block registries from being used, uncomment the BLOCK_REGISTRY
# option and give it a set of registries, each prepended with --block-registry
# flag. For example adding docker.io will stop users from downloading images
# from docker.io
# BLOCK_REGISTRY='--block-registry'
# If you have a registry secured with https but do not have proper certs
# distributed, you can tell docker to not look for full authorization by
# adding the registry to the INSECURE_REGISTRY line and uncommenting it.
# INSECURE_REGISTRY='--insecure-registry'
# On an SELinux system, if you remove the --selinux-enabled option, you
# also need to turn on the docker_transition_unconfined boolean.
# setsebool -P docker_transition_unconfined 1
# Location used for temporary files, such as those created by
# docker load and build operations. Default is /var/lib/docker/tmp
# Can be overriden by setting the following environment variable.
# DOCKER_TMPDIR=/var/tmp
# Controls the /etc/cron.daily/docker-logrotate cron job status.
# To disable, uncomment the line below.
# LOGROTATE=false
/etc/sysconfig/docker-storage
$ cat /etc/sysconfig/docker-storage
DOCKER_STORAGE_OPTIONS=--storage-driver devicemapper --storage-opt dm.fs=xfs --storage-opt dm.thinpooldev=/dev/mapper/docker--vg-docker--pool --storage-opt dm.use_deferred_removal=true --storage-opt dm.use_deferred_deletion=true
/etc/sysconfig/docker-network
$ cat /etc/sysconfig/docker-network
# /etc/sysconfig/docker-network
DOCKER_NETWORK_OPTIONS=
Configuration for Docker v1.13.0
service文件采用默认的即可,不需要额外配置。
$ cat /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service
[Unit]
Description=Docker Application Container Engine
Documentation=https://docs.docker.com
After=network.target firewalld.service
[Service]
Type=notify
# the default is not to use systemd for cgroups because the delegate issues still
# exists and systemd currently does not support the cgroup feature set required
# for containers run by docker
ExecStart=/usr/bin/dockerd
ExecReload=/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPID
# Having non-zero Limit*s causes performance problems due to accounting overhead
# in the kernel. We recommend using cgroups to do container-local accounting.
LimitNOFILE=infinity
LimitNPROC=infinity
LimitCORE=infinity
# Uncomment TasksMax if your systemd version supports it.
# Only systemd 226 and above support this version.
#TasksMax=infinity
TimeoutStartSec=0
# set delegate yes so that systemd does not reset the cgroups of docker containers
Delegate=yes
# kill only the docker process, not all processes in the cgroup
KillMode=process
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
daemon.json
配置文件集中配置,结构清晰。
$ cat /etc/docker/daemon.json
{
"disable-legacy-registry": true,
"max-concurrent-downloads": 10,
"max-concurrent-uploads": 20,
"log-level": "warn",
"log-opts": {
"max-size": "2m",
"max-file": "5"
},
"storage-driver": "devicemapper",
"storage-opts": [
"dm.fs=xfs",
"dm.thinpooldev=/dev/mapper/docker--vg-docker--pool",
"dm.use_deferred_removal=true",
"dm.use_deferred_deletion=true"
],
"insecure-registries": ["https://registry.access.redhat.com"],
"live-restore": true
}